Java Practical info

JUnit Tutorial

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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Testing:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Testing is nothing but checking the
expected results with actual results.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Test Case:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Test Case is a Test Plan where
expected results will be compared with actual results with specific input
values. To test one functionality it is recommended to write more test cases
with both wrong data and write data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Unit Testing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The testing performed by the
programmer on his own piece of code is called as Unit Testing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Peer Testing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The unit testing performed by the
programmer on other programmers code is called Peer Testing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Unit Testing , Peer Testing are the
responsibility of the programmer. The remaining testing’s like Integration
Testing, Performance Testing, Navigation Testing and etc are the responsibility
of the QA department.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Test Suite<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Test Suite provides the environment to
run all the Test Cases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What is Junit?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Junit is a program used to perform unit
testing of virtually any software. Junit testing is accomplished by writing
test cases using java, compiling these test cases and running the resultant
classes with a JUnit Test Runner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I will explain a little bit about software and
unit testing in general. What and how much to test depends on how important it
is to know that the tested software works right, in relation to how much time
you are willing to dedicate to testing. since you are reading this, then for
some reason you have decided to dedicate at least some time to unit testing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Example<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I’m Currently developing an SMTP server. An
SMTP server needs to handle email address of the format specified in RFC
documents. To be confident that my SMTP server compiles with the RFC, I need to
write a test case for each allowable email address type specified in the RFC.
In the RFC says that the character “#” is prohibited, then I should write a
test case that sends an address with “#” and verifies that the SMTP server
rejects it. You don’t need to have a formal specification document to work
from. If I wasm’t aiming for compliance, I could just decide that it’s good
enough if my server accepts email address consisting only of letters, numbers
and “@”, without caring whether other addresses succeed or fail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Another important point to understand is that
everything is better if you make your tests before you implement the features.
For my SMTP server, I did some prototyping first to make sure that my desing
will work, but I did not attempt to satisfy my requirements with that prototype.
I am now writing up my test cases and running them against existing SMTP server
implementations(like Send mail). When I get to the implementation stage my work
will be extremely well defined.Once my implementation satisfies all of the unit
tests, just like send mail does then my implementation will be completed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Note: Every thing I ‘ve said so far
has to do with unit testing, not JUnit specifically. Now on to JUnit</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">            <b><i>   JUnit was Originally written by Erich Gamma
and Kent Beck.</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Installing Junit</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Downloading<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">You can
download Junit 4.x from <a href="http://www.junit.org/index.html">http://www.junit.org/index.html</a>
in the zipped format.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Installation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Below are
the installation steps for installing JUnit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">UnZip the JUnit 4.x zip file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Add junit-4.x.jar to the CLASSPATH or we can
create a bat file “setup.bat” in which we can write “set CLASSPATH=.;%CLASSPATH%;junit-4.x.jar;”.
So whenever we need to use Junit in our project then we can run this setup.bat
file to set the classpath.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Test Coverage-Quantity of test cases<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">With respect to test coverage, an ideal test
would have test cases for every conceivable variation type of input, not every
possible instance of input. You should have test cases for combination or
permutations of all variation types of the implemented operations. You use your
knowledge of the method implementation(including possible implementation changes
with you want to allow for) tomorrow the quantity test cases way down.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Test Expressions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The most important thing is to write
tests like<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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(expectedResult == obtainedResult)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">   
Or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">expectedResult.equals(obtainedResults)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">You can do that without JUnit , of course. For
the purpose of this document, I will call the smallest unit of testing, like
the expression above, a test expression. All that JUnit does is give you
flexibility in grouping your test expressions and convenient ways to capture and
or summarize test failures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Class junit.framework.Assert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Assert class has a bunch of static
convenience methods to help you with individual test expressions.For example,
without JUnit I might code<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If(obtainedResult
==null || !expectedResult.equals(obtainedResult))<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Throw
new MyTestException(“Bad output for # attempt”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Interface junit.framework.Test<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">An object that you can run with the JUnit
infrastructure is a Test. But you can’t just implement Test and run that
object. You can only run specially created instances of Test Case.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Abstract class
junit.framework.TestCase<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A test case defines that fixture to
run multiple tests. To define a test case<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Implement a subclass of TestCase<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Define instance variables that store the state
of the fixture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Initialize the fixture state by overriding setup()<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Clean-up after a test by overriding teardown()<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">setup() method is executed for every test case
method execution. In this method we can perform initialization activity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Teardown() method is executed at the end of
each Test Case method. In this method we can perform cleanup activity or un
initialization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Every Test case class must and should extend
the TestCase class <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Every Test Case should follow the following
conventions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
</div>

JUnit Tutorial

Testing: Testing is nothing but checking the expected results with actual results. Test Case: Test Case is a Test Plan where e...

Ant Tool(Build.xml File)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Build.xml File<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">          Ant
is a build tool that means the main aim of Ant tool is to automation Java Project
process. By default ant uses build.xml file for writing build script. It is an
XML file. It is a standard file name followed by everyone. It is not mandatory.
We can use any </span></span><span style="font-size: 23.636363983154297px; line-height: 26.363636016845703px;">filename</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> like banking.xml, bank-build.xml etc, we can use ant
tool to do the following things<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Create
directories<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Delete
directories<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Copy
files from one directory to another directory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Create
new files<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Compile
and run java files<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Create
a war file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Create
jar file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Create
an ear file <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Deploy
war or ear into a server etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Build.xml File Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRdNrFFBqe2VFUnSp_7Rnh7IzFlzo-V9_IXK3q3zgwRi9p-maNzdb3gjOnbOXYYppiPyrQROKm5uxcT-7FTQgu_rwyHqs0h_Xva24rt9xhjk_hvTgYvp3f9lGDZ4pVN-juLJ2MDAxVvhHW/s1600/ba.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRdNrFFBqe2VFUnSp_7Rnh7IzFlzo-V9_IXK3q3zgwRi9p-maNzdb3gjOnbOXYYppiPyrQROKm5uxcT-7FTQgu_rwyHqs0h_Xva24rt9xhjk_hvTgYvp3f9lGDZ4pVN-juLJ2MDAxVvhHW/s320/ba.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Content of build.xml file:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Each Java project contains one or more build script files. Each
script file contains a project. Default build file name is ‘build.xml’, but we
can use any name. Ant’s build files are written in XML.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Project:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We can represent this project by
using <project> element and it contains some attributes like attribute “name”
is use to specify project name etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That means build.xml contains <project>
as root element.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Example:-<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><project name = “bank”….><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></project><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The <project> tag has three attributes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Name<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Default<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Basedir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><project> attributes description: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
name attribute gives the project name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The
default attribute refers to a target name within the build file. If you run Ant
without               Specifying a target
on the command line, Ant executes the default target. If the default target. If
the default target </span></span><span style="font-size: 23.636363983154297px; line-height: 26.363636016845703px;">doesn't</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> exist, Ant returns an error.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> 
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The </span><span style="line-height: 26.363636016845703px;">basedir</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> attribute defines the root directory of a project. </span><span style="line-height: 26.363636016845703px;">Typically</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, it is “.”,
the directory </span><span style="line-height: 26.363636016845703px;">you're</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> in when you run Ant. However, </span></span><span style="font-size: 23.636363983154297px; line-height: 26.363636016845703px;">basedir</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> can also define
different points of reference.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">          Target:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                   Each<project> contains
a set of targets. At least one target is mandatory.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">          We can
represent this target using <target> element just like <project>,
each target contains one name. We can represent this target name using “name”
attribute. We should provide unique target names within one build script file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">              <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>

Ant Tool(Build.xml File)

Build.xml File Ant is a build tool that means the main aim of Ant tool is to automation Java Project process. By default ant...

Ant Tool

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction to Ant(Another Neat
Tool)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ant is an open source build
technology developed by Apache intended to build processes in Java Environment.
It is a similar kind of tool like make, but it does not use shell commands to
extend the functionality. The use of shell commands in make brings about the
integrity with other languages too but this also makes it platform specific. In
contract, Ant is based on XML and uses java classes in automatic generation of
build processes that makes it platform independent. It is applicable to any
integrated development environment (IDE) that uses Java. A build file is
generally named as build.xml.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The best features of the Ant
Technology can be summarized as bellow<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Easy to Use</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
It is not a programming language; it is an XML based scripting tool, therefore
easy to understand and implement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Portable and Cross-Platform based</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: Use of Java Classes makes it portable, i.e. it can be run
on any operating system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Extended Functionality</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: Ant is based on java platform, that’s why its functionality
can be extended to any development environment based on java. It is easier to
implement than any specific IDE because it is automated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Build Automation</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: Ant provides automated build process that is faster and more efficient
than manual procedures and other build tools can also be integrated with it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Compilation of Source Code</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: Ant can use and compile source code from a variety of
version controls and packaging of the compiled code and resources can also be
done.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Handling Dependencies between Targets</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: An Ant project describes the target and takes associated
with it and also handle dependencies between various targets tasks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">        <b>Ant Definition<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                   Apache
Ant is an open source cross-platform based build tool that is used to describe
a build process and its dependencies and implemented in XML scripts using java
classes that ensures its extensibility to any development environment (based on
java) and is integrity with other build tools.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">    </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ant  Installation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ant is free and open source build
tool, written in java, helps in automating the entire build process of a java
development project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ant uses XML build files.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By default, Ant looks for a build
file named build.xml.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The build file contains information
about how to build a particular project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Each project contains multiple
targets like creating directory, compiling source codes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Target can depend on other targets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Behind each task is a Java class that
performs the described work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To install
Ant follow the steps given below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">aa)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">    </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Down 
ant latest or required version from Apache Foundation website<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi">http://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 21px; line-height: 24px;">b) </span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Extract Zip file to your local Disk say “E:” drive<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">D:\apache-ant-1.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Set the ANT_HOME environment variable to point to the ant installation
directory.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANT_HOME=E:\apache-ant-1.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">    </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Set the JAVA_HOME environment
variable to point to the JDK location.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">JAVA_HOME=E: \JDK1.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">    </span></span><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Add ANT_HOME/bin and JAVA_HOME/bin to
your system’s <b>PATH </b>environment
variable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PATH=E:\apache-ant-1.8.2\bin; D:\JDK1.5\bin;.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To make sure the installation is proper, go to command prompt
and execute the command ant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
............Continue Next Post<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
</div>

Ant Tool

11. Introduction to Ant(Another Neat Tool) Ant is an open source build technology developed by Apache intended to build processes in...

Using Client Side Java Script Validation

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Using Client Side Java Script Validation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">If we want the
validators to act at client side using that is to perform validations using
JavaScript then include the <html:javascript>element in the jsp document.
The <html:javascript> elements formName attribute takes the form bean
name that has to be validate. The example of <htmlLjavascript>element is
shown in following<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><html:javascript
formName=”registerform”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Apart from
adding the <html:javascript> element we need to add the following
onsubmit attribute in <html:form>tag,which takes return validate <form
bean name> (this);. The following snippet shows the sample of
<html:form><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><html:form
action=”register” onsubmit=”return validateRegisterfrom(this);”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Now, modifying
the Registration page of the preceding example to use client side validations,
the modified Registration.jsp is shown in 
here<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Registration.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><<a href="mailto:%25@taglib%20uri=%E2%80%9Dhttp://struts.apache.org/tags-html%E2%80%9D%20prefix=%E2%80%9Dhtml%E2%80%9D%25">%@taglib
uri=”http://struts.apache.org/tags-html” prefix=”html”%</a>><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><html><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><head><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><html:form
action=”register” onsubmit=”return validateREgisterform(this);”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><table><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td>UserName</td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td><html:text
property=”uname” size=”25”/></td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td>Password</td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td><html:password
property=”pass” size=”25”/></td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td>Email</td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td><html:text
property=”email” size=”25”/></td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td>Address</td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td><html:text
property=”address” size=”25”/></td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td>Mobile</td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td><html:text
property=”mobile’ size=”25”/></td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><td>
colspan=2><html:submit>Register</html:submit></td><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></tr><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></table><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></html:form><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"></body></html><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">The output of
the preceding example when using the Registration.jsp given bellow<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><li><i><b>User
Name</b>field cannot be empty</i></li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><li><i><b>Password</b>field
cannot be empty</i></li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><li><i><b>Email
Id</b>field cannot be empty</i></li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><li><i><b>Address</b>field
cannot be empty</i></li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><b><u>Difference
between ValidatorForm & ValidatorActionForm</u></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">The only
difference between the ValidatorForm and ValidatorActionForm is that the
ValidatorFrom locates the validation rules based on the form bean name, where
as validatorActionForm locates the validation rules based on the requested
action path.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">The
ValidatorActionForm is useful when we associate a single form bean to multiple actions
and if each of these actions requires different validations. In this case,
while defining the validation rules we need to define the validation.xml file’s<form>
element name attribute with the action path instead of form bean name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">The difference
between DynaValidatorFrom and DynaValidatorActionForm is also same as described
above.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>

Using Client Side Java Script Validation

Using Client Side Java Script Validation If we want the validators to act at client side using that is to perform validations using J...

Example to Demonstrate declarative validations in Struts

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Re-implementing the preceding
example i.e, registration process example to use validation frame work. The
additional code that has to be included into the respective files compared to
the proceeding example are shown in bold letters, the following listing shows
the Refistration.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The additional code that has to
be included into the respective files compared to the proceeding example are
shown in bold letters, the following listing shows the Registration.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Registration.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><<a href="mailto:%25@taglib%20uri=%E2%80%9Dhttp://struts.apche.org/tags-html%E2%80%9D%20prefix=%E2%80%9Dhtml%E2%80%9D%25">%@taglib
uri=”http://struts.apche.org/tags-html” prefix=”html”%</a>><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><html><body><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><font color=”red” size=”5”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><html:errors/><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></font><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><html form action=”register”><pre><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            UserName:<html:text
property=”uname” size=”25”/>,br><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            PassWord:<html:password
property=”pass” size=”25”/><br><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            Email  
:<html:text property=”email” size=”25”/><br><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            Address:<html:text
property=”address” size=”25”/><br.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            Mobile  :<html:text  property=”mobile” size=”25”/><br><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <html:submit>Register</html:submit><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></pre></html:form><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></body></html><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows Home.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><<a href="http://www.blogger.com/%25@taglib%20uri=%E2%80%9Dhttp:/struts.apche.org/tags-bean%E2%80%9D%20prefix=%E2%80%9Dbean%E2%80%9D%25">%@taglib
uri=”http://struts.apche.org/tags-bean” prefix=”bean”%</a>><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><html><body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Welcome</b><bean write name=”registerform”
property=”uname”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></body></html><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows the RegisterAction.java, which
demonstrate how to read the data from the DynaActionForm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RegisterAction.java<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Package com.chandra.struts;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Import org.apache.struts.action.*;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Import javax.servelt.http.*;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Import java.sql.*;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public class RegisterAction extends Action{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public RegisterAction(){<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  try{Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”);}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Catch(Exception e){}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//cons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping am,ActionForm
af,HttpServletRequest req,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                                                HttpServletResponse
res)throws Exception{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DynaActionForm daf =(DynaActionForm)af;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Connection con=null;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Try{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Con=DriverManager
getConnection(“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe”,”scott”,”tiger”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PreparedStatement ps = con.preparedStatement(“insert into
userdetails values(?,?,?,?,?,?)”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(1,(String)daf.get(“uname”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(2,(String)daf.get(“pass”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(3,(String)daf.get(“email”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(4,(String)daf.get(“address”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setInt(5,(Integer)daf.get(“mobile”)).intValue());<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(6,”user”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If(ps.executeUpdate()==1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Return am.findForward(“success”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//try<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally(con.close())<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Return am.findForward(“fail”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//execute<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//class<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows the
struts configuration that includes the dynamic validation form bean declaration
and the validated plugin configuration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struts-config.xml<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><struts-config><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <form-beans><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-bean name=”registerform”
type=”org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  <form-property
name=”uname” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <form-property
name=”pass” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><form-property name=”email” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><form-property name=”address” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><form-property name=”mobile” type=”java.lang.Integer”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></form-beans><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><action-mappings><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <action path=”/register”
type=”com.chandra.struts.RegisterAction” name=”registerform” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            Scope=”session”
<b>validate=”true” input=”/Registration.jsp”</b>><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <forward name=”success”
path=”/Home.jsp”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><forward name=”fail” path=”/Registration.jsp”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></action><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></action-mappings><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><message-resources
parameter=”ApplicationREsources”/><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><plug-in
className=”org.apche.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn”><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <set-property property=”pathnames” value=”/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                                                                                  
/WEB-INF/validation.xml”/><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></plug-in><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></struts-config><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows the
validation.xml, which includes the validation rules for the registerform
fields.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Validation.xml<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><form-validation><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <formset><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  <form name=”registerform”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <field property=”uname”
depends=”required”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  <arg0 key=”uname”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></field><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><field property =”pass” depends=”required,minilength,maxlength”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><arg0 key=”pass”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><arg1 key=”4” resource=”false” name=”minilength”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><arg1 key=”${var.maxlength}” resource=”false” name=”maxlength”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><var><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><var-name>minilength</var-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><var-value>4</var-value><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></var><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><var><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><var-name>maxlength</var-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><var-value>15</var-value><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></var><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></field><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><field property=”email” depends=”required.email”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <arg0 key=”email”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></field><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><field property=”address” depends=”required,email”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><arg0 key=”address”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></field><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></form><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></formset><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></form-validation><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows the
ApplicationResources_en.properties file, this file contains the error messages
that have to be presented in case of any errors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ApplicationResources_en.properties</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#ApplicationResources.properties<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Uname=<b>User Name</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pass=<b>Password</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Email=<b>Email ID</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Address=<b>Address</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">#error keys(used by validator framework)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Errors.required=<li><i>{0}field cannot be empty</i></li></br><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Errors.minilength=<li><i>{0}can not be less than
{1} characters</li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Errors.maxlength=<li><i>{0]can not be grater
than{1}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Characters</i></li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Errors.email=<li><i>{0}is an invalid e-mail
address</i></li><br/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows the web.xml file that is same as
of the other examples that demonstrate up to now in this post<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Web.xml</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-name>as</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-name>as</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After writing the files in the
above listings compile the RegisterAction.java and arrange the files and deployed
into web server <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>

Example to Demonstrate declarative validations in Struts

Re-implementing the preceding example i.e, registration process example to use validation frame work. The additional code that has to b...

Loading Java Properties File Dynamically

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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">How to Load Java
Properties File Dynamically From the Classpath?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
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 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
  <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">What is the purpose
of properties file? if we are using any application or project where
there is a chance of constantly changing any credentials, for example  any <a href="http://www.java4s.com/spring/send-java-email-using-spring-with-gmail-smtp-server-settings-javamailsenderimpl-mail/" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">java email</span></a> application or any there you may need to
change from address, to address or any properties right ? For
this opening .java file and doing the modifications and again re-compile and
re-deploy if you need to change 100′s of .java files its very tedius
job right so this .properties file.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">We will place this
.properties file in general at classpath location, will see how to load that
properties file into .java programs and how to use it. In this application my
properties file name  = orderworkbench.properties<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Clientprograme.java<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">package chandra;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">import
java.io.IOException;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">import
java.io.InputStream;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">import
java.net.URL;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">import
java.util.Properties;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">public class </span><b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Clientprograme</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">               public static void main(String args[])<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">               {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">// First Way<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               Properties prop =
new Properties();<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               InputStream
inputStream =
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">orderworkbench</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">.properties");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               try{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               prop.load(inputStream);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               }catch(IOException
e)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                                              e.printStackTrace();<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               }<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               System.out.println("-------
By Using Thread class -------");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               //Print required
values<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               System.out.println(prop.get("user"));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               //Print all the
properties<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               System.out.println(prop);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">// Second Way<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               URL url =
ClassLoader.getSystemResource("</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">orderworkbench</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">.properties");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               try{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               prop.load(url.openStream());<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               }catch(Exception
e)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                                              e.printStackTrace();<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               }<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                               System.out.println("-------
By Using URL class -------");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">                   System.out.println(prop);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">               }<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>

Loading Java Properties File Dynamically

How to Load Java Properties File Dynamically From the Classpath? What is the purpose of properties file? if we are usin...