Java Practical info : Struts Architecture

Example to demonstrate dynamic form bean

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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This example is designed to
explain how to configure and use dynamic form bean, here we will design a
registration process to demonstrate this where the user will be first presented
with a registration page(Registration.jsp) which allows to submit the user
details to the application(RegisterAction.java) that are inserted into data
base. The following listing shows the Registration.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Registration.jsp<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<<a href="mailto:%25@taglib%20uri=%E2%80%9Dhttp://struts.apche.org/tags-html%E2%80%9D%20prefix=%E2%80%9Dhtml%E2%80%9D%25">%@taglib
uri=”http://struts.apche.org/tags-html” prefix=”html”%</a>></div>
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<html><body></div>
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<html:form action=”register”><pre></div>
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UserName: <html:text property=”uname” size=”25”/><br></div>
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Password:<html:password property=”pass” size=”25”/><br></div>
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Email      
:<html:text property=”email” size=”25”/><br></div>
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Address:<html:text property=”address” size=”25”/><br></div>
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Mobile :<html:text 
property=”mobile” size=”25”/><br></div>
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<html:submit>Register</html:submit></div>
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</pre><html:form></div>
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</body></html></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows <b>Home.jsp</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<<a href="mailto:%25@taglib%20uri=http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean%E2%80%9D%20prefix=%E2%80%9Dbean%E2%80%9D%25">%@taglib
uri=http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean” prefix=”bean”%</a>></div>
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<html><body></div>
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<b>welcome</b><bean:write name=”registerform”
property=”uname”/></div>
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</body></html></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The following listing shows the RegisterAction.java which
demonstrates how to read the data from the DynaActionForm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RegisterAction.java<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Package com.chandra.struts;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Import org.apache.struts.action.*;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Import javax.servlet.http.*;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Import java.sql.*;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public class RegisterAction extends Action{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public RegisterAction(){<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Try{Class.forName(“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”);}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Catch(Exception e){}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//cons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping am,ActionForm
af,HttpServletRequest req,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                                                HttpServletResponse
res)throws Exception{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DynaActionForm daf=(DynaActionForm)af;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Connection con=null;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Try{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Con=DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe”,”scott”,”tiger”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(“insert inot
userdetails values(?,?,?,?,?,?)”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(1,(String)daf.get(“uname”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(2,(String)daf.get(“Pass”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(3,(String)daf.get(“email”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(4,(String)daf.get(“address”));<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setInt(5,(Integer)daf.get(“mobile”)).intValue());<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ps.setString(6,”user”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If(ps.executeUpdate()==1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Return am.findForwrd(“success”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//try<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally{con.close();}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Return am.findForward(“fail”);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//execute<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}//class<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Struts-config.xml</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><struts-config><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <form-beans><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-bean name=”registerform”
type=”org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-property
name=”uname” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-property
name=”pass” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-property name=”email” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-property name=”address” type=”java.lang.String”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   <form-property name=”mobile” type=”java.lang.Integer”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">   </form-bean><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></form-beans><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><action-mappings><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <action path=”/register” type=”com.chandra.struts.RegisterAction”
name=”registerform”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            Scope=”session”
validate=”false”><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">    <forward name=”success” path=”/Home.jsp”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">    <forward name=”fail” path=”/Registraction.jsp”/><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </action><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></action-mappings><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></struts-config><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Web.xml<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <servlet-name>as</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <servler-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <servlet-name>as</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After writing the files in the
above listings compile the RefisterAction.java and arrange application stretcher
and now copy the dynaBeanEX1 (if you application folder name) folder
in<tomcat home>/webapps folder and start the server. Browser the
application using the the following url </span><a href="http://localhost:8080/dynaBeanEx1/Registeration.jsp" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://localhost:8080/dynaBeanEx1/Registeration.jsp</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
and enter the details . After submitting the form the registration details are
inserted into the database and the response is presented as welcome username.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Limitation
of DynaActionForm<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With DynaActionForm we cannot
use programmatic validation i.e., server side validation implemented in form
beans validate method. However, this is not a major problem since we have
declarative validations that can be used to validate the DynaActionForm fields.
Obser the above example, if can be identified that the form data is submitted
to the RefisterAction without undergoing any validations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>

Example to demonstrate dynamic form bean

This example is designed to explain how to configure and use dynamic form bean, here we will design a registration process to demonstrate...

The Struts Configuration file

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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.18181800842285px;"> Struts Configuration file</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struts framework uses a
centralized XML file based configuration. This allows us to configure most of
the application properties like actions, formbeans, I18N, data sources etc in
XML files rather than hard coding into java classes, which means that any changes
to these configurations can be made without modifying or recompiling java code
and the changes can be made by modifying a single file struts configuration
file. This even benefits the Java developers to concentrate on implementing the
business logic without needing to know about the overall system layout and
concentrating on the infrastructure logic configurations. In this section, we
will discuss the top level elements of struts configuration file like data
sources form beans gloal-exception, global-forwards, action-mappings,
controller, message-resources and plug-in. In this section, we will discussing
the other topics in this struts post. The root element of struts configuration
file is <struts-config> this element contains the following child
elements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Element
  Name<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Description<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
  <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Occurrence<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Display-name</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Contains short description of this module this is used in GUI tools</div>
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Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
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Description</div>
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Contains descriptive text of this module this is also for the use in
  GUI tools</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Form-beans</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Encapsulates all the form bean definitions of this module, where each
  of the form bean is defined using a formbean tag which is a child tag of this
  element</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Global-exceptions</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
This element describes a set of excetion handler declarations that
  are in common for all the actions in this module. The <action> element
  can override a global exception handler by configuring a local exception
  handler for the same exception type.</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Global-forwards</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
This element describes a set of forwards that are in common for all
  the actions in this module. The <action> element can override a global
  forward declaration by configuring a local forward declaration with the same
  forward name.</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Action-mapping</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
This element holds all the action declarations of this module, where
  each of the action is configured using <action> tag</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Controller</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
This element describes module runtie configuration details for this
  module like buffer-size it has to use while processing file uploads, Local
  scope, controller class etc</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Message-resources</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Describes the MessageResources object that defines the resource
  bundle that struts has to use while looking up for locale specific messages
  in this module</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional and can appear for more than ones</div>
</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
  <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Plug-in </div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
This allows configuring additional plugins for this module.</div>
</td>
  <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Optional and can appear for more than ones</div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The above table describes the high – level elements of
struts configuration file and the child tags of these high-level tags are
describes in details in the next post.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struts application has minimum one module and can be
configured to handle multiple modules and in such a case we need to write a
separate struts configuration file for each module with there respective
configurations. As we have discussed an overview of struts configuration file
and its top level elements we will continue our discussion on the other
elements of struts architecture next post describes about the RequestProcessor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>

The Struts Configuration file

Struts Configuration file Struts framework uses a centralized XML file based configuration. This allows us to configure most of the ...

Struts Architecture

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>The Element of struts
Architecture</b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYOvD28v54s1lTG0KnK_q727KDUJZWuK3hOdU7Hb721Xw3DJb-cchO6xNQOu2hd4L4PJEzR7HkeSZwKQ9uhUvWvUvfOY0dKjSav23Q3wf_I7kNhb9MtkLdTuGpwVRr609-wfU3C95WmSQ/s1600/strutsarchitecture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYOvD28v54s1lTG0KnK_q727KDUJZWuK3hOdU7Hb721Xw3DJb-cchO6xNQOu2hd4L4PJEzR7HkeSZwKQ9uhUvWvUvfOY0dKjSav23Q3wf_I7kNhb9MtkLdTuGpwVRr609-wfU3C95WmSQ/s320/strutsarchitecture.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Action Servlet:  The Action Servlet of
struts framwwork is an implementation of front controller pattern and java
servlet component i.e is a servlet front for struts application. The
ActionServlet is a subtype of javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet and implements
init(), doGet(), doPost() and destroy() methods. The ActionServlet init()
method is responsible to find the user configured struts modules and locate the
struts configuration file of each module, then read, validate the configuration
and load the details into moduleconfig object which is further injected into
the module specific RequestProcessor instance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
RequestProcessor further ses the ModuleConfig to get all the moule specific
details. Once if all these initializations are successfully done then the
ActionServlet instance is put into service, which provides an entry point to
serve the client requests using these configurations loaded. This means that
once if the ActionServlet is initialized any chages into the configuration
files are not affected until the ActionServlet is reinitialized which can be
done by redeploying the containing web application.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
ActionServlet accepts HTTP GET and POST method request where the doGet() and
doPost() method implementations of ActionServlet just call the protected
process() method of the same class where all the request handling logic is  implemented.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The ActionServlet
process() method identifies the module that client has requested for , this is
done by matching the first part of the request URL with the configured modules.
There after it gets the RequestProcessor instance of the respecting module and
delegates the request to that RequestProcessor instance by invoking process()
method on the located RequestProcessor instance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Configuring</b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> <o:p></o:p></b></span><span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b>Action-Servlet</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As we
have discussed in the above section that the ActionSerlvet class in the front
controller class that recives all incoming HTTP client requests for the
application. In addition, ActionSerlvet is responsible for initializing the
struts frame work for out application, and is a servlet extending HttpServlet
just like any other servlet and thus ActionSerlvet is also required to be
configured in out web application like any other servlet i.e inot Web
application deployment descriptor (web.xml). Since ActionServlet has to be
configured to receive all the requests to out application i.e for various
services. ActionSerlvet’s mapping should be generic and there are two
approaches to configure ActionServlet to recive all requests for our
application. First, Action Servlet can be configured using path mapping, as
shown in the following code snippet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!—ActionServlet
Declaration</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Georgia; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <Servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <Servlet-name>action</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <servlet-class></span><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet-class><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <init-param><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <param-name>config</param-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <param-value>/WEB-ING/Struts-config.xml</param-value><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!---
Action Servlet Mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 
<Servlet-name>action</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <url-pattern./do/*</url-pattern><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In this
case all the request for this context whose servletPath starts with / do are
dispatched by the web container to the ActionServlet which further takes the
responsibility to handle the request as explained in the above section. As
shown in the above code it is not mandatory to confirure only /do/* instead we
are allowed to configure any other path mapping also.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
second approach to configure the mapping for ActionServlet is to use extension
mapping as shown in the below give code snippet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!—ActionServlet
Declaration</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Georgia; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <Servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <Servlet-name>action</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <servlet-class></span><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet-class><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <init-param><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <param-name>config</param-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <param-value>/WEB-ING/Struts-config.xml</param-value><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!---
Action Servlet Mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 
<Servlet-name>action</servlet-name><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></servlet-mapping><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></web-app><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In this
case all the request for this context whose servletPath ends with .do extension
are dispatched by the web container to the ActionServlet which further takes
the responsibility to handle the request as explained in the above section. As shown
in the above code its is not mandatory to configure only .do instead we are
allowed to configured any other textension also excluding the reserved
extension like jsp,jspx,sun,java etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">NextPost
Struts configuration file and more component………………….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>

Struts Architecture

The Element of struts Architecture 1. The Action Servlet: The Action Servlet of struts framwwork is an implementation of ...

designs – patterns used in developing struts framework?

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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What are
the designs – patterns used in developing struts framework?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Struts frame work is a complete
web application framework that provides all the basic infrastructure </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">functionality</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> required for web application. It is designed to enhance /
change each part of its implementation efficient it is implemented using number
of core patters but some of them are<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Front
Controller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Application
Controller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Command
Pattern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Data
Transfer  Object<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">View
Helper<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Composite
View<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Singleton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Factory
Pattern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 300%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 300%;">Context
object Pattern<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some of the above listed
patterns are discussed in the previous post and some other patterns like view
Helper, composite view patterns will be discussed in the next post at the point
they are needed. As we have discussed what is the struts and its need now we
will discuss the struts architecture representing the basic elements in the
following section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>

designs – patterns used in developing struts framework?

What are the designs – patterns used in developing struts framework? Struts frame work is a complete web application framework that pr...

Introducing Struts FrameWork

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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                            This post will give
the basics of the struts framework, its architecture and detail understanding
about the basic elements of struts framework. Finally, you will end up with
writing the first struts application. After reading this post, you will have an
understanding of what the struts framework is, how to write the struts
application and configure it. Let’s start now with discussing what is struts
and its benefits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">                            Struts are an
open-source web application framework implemented by Apache Software Foundation
(ASF). It is one of the efficient and high performance open source
implementation of Model 2 based Model-View-Controller (MVC). The Struts
framework provides utility classes to handle many of the most common tasks in
web application development. It is originally started as a small project by
Craig McClanahan in May 2000 but later Craig McClanahan donated it to </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Apache</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> software foundation which is later added with many features that are more
commonly required for web application development.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>What is a Frame Work?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Framework is a set of
well-defined classes and interfaces that provides services to our application.
With a framework, it contains the executing routines and invokes operations
onto your extensions through inheritance and other means.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Why we Need of Struts
Frame Work?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As you have learnt in this post
about the requirement of web application and then further about the two
development models for developing web applications where most of the huge
enterprise applications are developed following Model 2 architecture, it can be
identified that while developing the web applications following such
architecture gives number of benefits. However, using the basic web
technologi3s like servlets and jsp for developing such a web applications is
complicated and contains most of the infrastructure logics that results in
increase of the application development cost, development time and further
affects the productivity of the application. To Solve these problems we want a
readymade solution for the infrastructure logics in developing web applications
following Model 2 architecture instead of developing it as a part of out
project development, which can reduce the development time and cost, and even
improves the performance and productivity of the application. This is where the
need for web application frameworks comes and as reply for this requirement one
of the solution is given by Apache Software foundation group under the title
struts framework. Struts framework has restructured the way that web
programmers think about and constructs web application in java.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</div>

Introducing Struts FrameWork

This post will give the basics of the struts framework, its architecture and detail understanding about the b...